What heart conditions are found most often in children?
The most common heart conditions found in children are structural heart defects. Congenital heart defects are those that are present at birth. Of all structural heart defects, ventricular septal defects or communications between the bottom chambers of the heart are most common. As a matter of fact, structural heart defects occur in roughly 8 per 1,000 live births.
What are the most severe or serious defects?
The most serious or severe congenital heart defects would include a significant left-sided heart obstruction. More specifically, this would be hypoplastic left heart syndrome. In hypoplastic left heart syndrome, or HLHS, the left side of the heart is under developed. The left side of the heart, the left ventricle, has the primary role of pumping blood from the heart to the rest of the body. When we se an underdeveloped left side, we often see a small aorta as well. We have gained knowledge over the years in terms of addressing infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. We have a three-stage procedure which infants undergo in attempts to repair this disease entity. This condition is fatal without either surgical repair or heart transplantation.
What percentages of babies are born with heart defects?
In 8 per 1,000 live births there is congenital heart disease. Many more fetuses are found to have congenital heart disease, perhaps three to four times the incidence just stated. However, many of these fetuses succumb to the congenital heart defect or perhaps other abnormalities such that the overall incidence in heart disease in live births drops to 8 per 1000.
Wolf's Parkinson's White.... can you explain this condition to me?
Supraventricular tachycardi or SVT is the most common abnormal tachycardia (fast heart rate) in children. SVT in childhood is usually associated with abnormal electrical conduction pathways. In the condition called Wolf-Parkinson-White, or WPW, there is an abnormal conduction pathway, which runs between the upper chambers of the heart or atria, and the lower chambers, or ventricles. This electrical signal can arrive at the ventricles sooner than normal, and this is how your niece can develop the WPW or tachycardia. This condition is actually named after the three people who first described it. We can recognize WPW by characteristic changes on an EKG. Many people with WPW have no symptoms at all, and many have no episodes of tachycardia. However, if the WPW is associated with tachycardia, we have medication that can improve the child's episodes of SVT. If medication is not successful, there is a procedure called radio frequency ablation which can actually eliminate the abnormal pathway by passing energy through a catheter. This procedure is done in the pediatric cardiology catheterization laboratory
If one child is born with a heart condition, what is the likelihood that the next child will be born with it as well?
The incidence of congenital heart disease is roughly 8 per 1000 live births. The risk of recurrence of congenital heart disease in subsequent pregnancies is slightly increased once there is a child or family member who has congenital heart disease. The recurrence risk is quite low, perhaps 3 to 5 times higher.
Why do congenital heart defects occur?Most of the time we do not know. Although the reason defects occur is presumed to be genetic, only a few genes have been discovered that have been linked to the presence of heart defects. Rarely the ingestion of some drugs and the occurrence of some infections during pregnancy can cause defects.
Up to 1.3 million Americans alive today have some form of congenital heart defect.In the United States, about 36,000 children are born with a heart defect each year. At least nine of every 1,000 infants born each year have a heart defect. The causes of congenital heart disease are still under investigation, but there scientists and physicians are making progress.
Causes of Heart Defects
Unknown cause: We don't know the exact cause of most heart defects. Although the reason defects occur is presumed to be genetic, only a few genes have been discovered that have been linked to the presence of heart defects. So they're likely due to a combination of multiple genetic and environmental factors. There's usually a 2 to15 percent chance of a heart defect happening again in the family. The odds depend on what type of defect you have and whether anyone else in your family has a heart defect.
Genetic syndrome: Some people with congenital heart defects have a specific genetic condition that can include other health problems. They may or may not know that they have such a condition. The chance for their child to also have this condition can be as high as 50 percent. These conditions can vary widely in their severity, so children may have less serious or more serious health problems than their parents. Learn more about
genetic counseling.
Single gene: Rarely, congenital heart defects are caused by changes in a single gene. Often when this is the case more than one person in the family has a heart defect. The chance for another family member to have a heart defect can be as high as 50 percent.
Environmental exposure: Heart defects can also be caused by something your mother was exposed to in her pregnancy with you, such as an infection or a drug. In this case, the chance that your children will have heart defects is no higher than that of the average person.
Taking part in research
As an adult with congenital heart defects, you may be able to help improve our understanding by taking part in research. There's still a lot that we don't know about why heart defects happen. It's possible that future research will discover these causes. Participating in research could help your family and other families better understand their heart defect and the chance it will occur again in the family. Ask your genetic counselor about research studies you could take part in.